History+Outlines

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Study Guide - Enlightenment and American Revolution
Natural Law - Laws that was developed by science to help better understand society. (Example: Gravity) The Enlightenment - A period where philosophers began emphasizing individual thinking. Thomas Hobbes - A philosopher that believed that man was cruel in their natural state and the only way to keep them in check was to have a powerful government. John Locke - Believed that man was more reasonable and moral. Thought that every human was born with natural rights. (Life, Liberty, and Property.) Social Contract - an agreement to which people give up their freedom an for an organized society Natural Rights - Life Liberty Property Montesquieu - believed that goernment should be broken up into 3 branches. (legislative, executive, judical) Voltaire - used writing to target corrupt officals and defend equality Rousseau - believed that man was naturally good Diderot - wanted to change the general way of thinking. wanted freedom and urged education wollstonecraft - watned equal rights for men and women Laissez-faire - a system of government that required little or no governement involvement. Adam Smith - was an economist that argued the free market should be allowed to regulate buisness activity. Censorship - restricting access to ideas and information Pamphlets - a cheap way to spread information Enlightened Despots - rulers that accepted new ideas and individulism Frederick the Great - reduced torture, allowed free presse. King of Persia Catherine the Great - free press, religious freedom, criticized feudalism. Emperess of Russia Joseph II - Wore disguise to hear problem, religious freedom, ended censorship. King of Autria Lasting effects of Enlightened Despots - The effects of the Enlightened Despots would not last howerever because they will wanted to be an absolute monarch with all the power. George II - Began a 60-year reign over England What was Britian so Powerful? - Britain was so powerful because they had a strong navy which was good for conquering land and dominating trade routes. Sugar Act - a law passed by parliament that imposed taxes on newspaper and pamphlets in the American Colonies Declaratory Act - a ruled that said Parliament had the right to make rules for the colonies Boston Tea Party - a group of colonist that went to the harbor and dumped all the tea to impose taxes on tea Declaration of Independance - a document that states its independance from Britain Popular Sovereignty - the principle of popular sovereignty is that the power comes from the people. American Revolution - the war between Britain and the 13 colonies. The americans won, winning their freedom agaisnt Britain. Treaty of Paris - A signing between America, Britain, and France stating that america was free from British rule. US Constitution - The law of the US. It explains the 3 branches of government and is a symbol of freedom James Madison - One of the main writers of the Constitution. Benjamin Franklin - Was a philosopher, scientist, publisher,. He was a writer for the declartion of independance. Check and Balances - was a system that made sure none of the 3 branches of government became more powerful than the other

=French Revolution and Napolean= Ancien Regime - The Ancien Regime was the political system made up in France. The people were divided into three groups. The First Estate ws made up of clergies and was 1% of the people's population. The Second Estate was made up of nobles and were land owners and government people which made up 2% of the people. The Third Estate or bourgeoisie was made up of lawyers, doctors, journalist, and peasants and made up of 97% of the people. Estates - Estates were the groups people were divided into based on their social status. Bourgeoisie - was the third estate. Was made up of middle class that had to pay the most taxes even though they made the least amount of money. Cause of the French Revolution - The French wanted the same rights American had. They desired a fair tax structure, government participation, and wanted to get out of economic hardships. National Assembly - The National was created after the Third Estate and King Louis XVI had a disagreement. The national Assembly swore to establish a sound and just constitutions. Tennis Court Oath - The tennis Court Oath was estabilished after the Third Estate was locked out of the chambers and banned from the meeting. The tennis Court then promised to establish a just and sound constitution. Bastille - Bastille was the location of the of a fortress that held prisoners. It was invaded on July 14, 1789 and became a symbol to the people of France resenting the power of the monarchy. The Great Fear - During the time there was rumors spreading around scaring the citizens. One of the rumors was that the government troops were seizing peasant crops. The peasants then unleased their anger and fear by attacking old manor recrds and stole grain from warehouses. The National Guard - The National Guard was a large group of the middle-class that formed a military to respond the arrival of royal troops in Paris. The National Guard was led by Marquis de Lafayette who fought alongside George Washington. Marquis de Lafayette - Fought along side George Washington during the American Revolution and led the National Guard to fight agaisnt invading government troops. Declaration of the Rights of Man - was written to give rights to the common man and as in man and male person. Olympe de Gouges - Was a writer. She saw the Declaration oif the Rights of Man and saw how it was unfair that the rights rights only referred to male citizens and wrote her own document called the Declaration of the Rights of Women. She eventually gets her head cut off. Declaration of the Rights of Women - Was the same basic structure of the Rights of Man but included that women had these rights. Women March To Versailles - 6000 women marched to versailles because they believed that it was unfair that King Louis XVI was on vacation while they were struggling to feed their families. Marie Antoinette - Was the wife of King Louis XVI. She was hated by the common women becauses they believed she was everything they were not. That she was able to be able to enjoy a life a luxury while they had to struggle.